Stepper Motor Driver A4988 Pinout Diagram and Connection with Arduino

Hi, in this article, we are going to see the Stepper Motor Driver A4988 Pinout Diagram. Also, we will see the connection diagram for interfacing A4988 with the Arduino for stepper motor control. The A4988 Driver Module helps to precisely control stepper motors and it is widely used in 3D printers, CNC machines, and other applications accurate motor control is required.

The A4988 Driver has some special features that make it most useful such as, 

• It can work in micro-stepping modes that support full-step, half-step, 1/4-step, 1/8-step, and 1/16-step resolutions for smooth and precise movement.
• It provides an adjustable current facility which means it allows us to set the maximum current to the motor via a potentiometer to protect the motor and driver.
• It provides over-temperature protection which includes thermal shutdown circuitry to prevent overheating.
• It also provides over-current protection to protect the circuit from over-current conditions.

A4988 Pinout Diagram

Here, you can see the pinout diagram for both the A4988 IC and the A4988 Module.

The A4988 is a standalone stepper motor driver IC manufactured by Allegro MicroSystems. It contains the core functionalities that are needed to drive and control a stepper motor, such as micro-stepping, current regulation, and overcurrent/thermal protection. 

On the other hand, the A4988 module is a pre-assembled board which houses the A4988 IC. It includes all the necessary supporting components(resistors, capacitors, a potentiometer for current adjustment, and a heatsink for thermal management) and connectors to simplify motor control for end users.

A4988 IC Pinout Details

Pin(1, 21, 24, 26) - Out2B, Out1B, Out1A, Out2A - These are motor output terminals that need to be connected to stepper motor coil terminals (A1, A2, B1, B2).

Pin(2) - Enable - Enable pin is used to activate or deactivate the driver (active low).

Pin(3, 18) - GND - Ground Pins for logic circuit and motor power.

Pin(4, 5, 6) - CP1, CP2, VCP - Charge Pump Pins are used to generate a higher voltage to drive the gate of the internal MOSFETs by connecting external capacitors.

Pin(7, 20, 25) - NC - These pins are not connected or used.

Pin(8) - VREG - Internal voltage regulator output.

Pin(9, 10, 11) - MS1, MS2, MS3 - These pins are used for micro-step resolution settings.

Pin(12) - RESET - The reset pin is used to reset the driver (active low).

Pin(13) - ROSC - This pin is used to connect an external timing resistor to set the oscillator frequency for the internal logic of the chip.

Pin(14) - SLEEP - The sleep pin is used to activate the sleep mode or low power mode (active low).

Pin(15) - VDD - This pin is used to provide the power supply (3.3V or 5V) to the  Logic Circuit.

Pin(16) - STEP - The Step input pin is used to input pulses on this pin to control the motor steps.

Pin(17) - REF - This pin is used to set the reference voltage.

Pin(19) - DIR - The Direction input pin controls the direction of motor rotation.

Pin(22, 28) - VBB1, VBB2 - These are the motor power supply pins.

Pin(23, 27) - SENSE 1, SENSE 2 - These are motor current sensing pins.

A4988 Module Pinout Details

Pin(1) - Enable - Used to Enable/disable the motor driver (active low).

Pin(2, 3, 4) - MS1, MS2, MS3 - Used to Configure microstepping resolution.

Pin(5) - RST - Used to Reset the driver (active low).

Pin(6) - SLP - Sleep Input for Low-power mode (active low).

Pin(7) - STEP - Step Input to send pulses to control motor steps.

Pin(8) - DIR - Direction Input to Control motor rotation direction.

Pin(9) - GND - Ground for logic power.

Pin(10) - VDD - Positive power supply(3.3V or 5V) for Logic Circuit.

Pin(11, 12, 13, 14) - 1B, 1A, 2A, 2B - Motor Outputs.

Pin(15) - GND - Ground for Motor Power.

Pin(16) - VMOT - Motor power supply (8–35V DC).

A4988 Interfacing with Arduino

Here, you can see the connection diagram between Stepper Motor Driver A4988 and Arduino.

Connection Description

• The 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B Terminals of the A4988 module are connected to stepper motor coil terminals (A1, A2, B1, B2).
• A 12V DC power supply should be applied to the VMOT and GND terminals of the A4988 Module.
• The RST and SLP terminals of the A4988 Module have been shorted.
• The DIR and STEP terminals of the A4988 Module are connected to the digital output pins(2 and 3) of the Arduino module.
• The VDD and GND terminals of the A4988 Module are connected to the 5V and GND terminals of the Arduino module.

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