Door Access Control System Wiring Diagram

Hi, in this article, we are going to see the Door Access Control System Wiring Diagram and the connection between each component. A Door Access Control System is a security solution designed to control who can enter or exit a particular area, typically a building or a specific room within a building. There are two types of  Door Access Control Systems - Standalone and Centralized.

Standalone Access Control systems operate independently without requiring a connection to a network. Each door has its own control system and database, usually built into the door reader. On the other hand, the Centralized Access Control systems are connected to a central server or network, allowing centralized control and management of all access points.

Main Components of a Door Access Control System

Access Control Reader: This can be a keypad, card reader, biometric scanner, or combination of these, where users present their credentials.

Controller: The unit that processes the credentials and determines whether access should be granted or denied. In standalone systems, the reader and controller are often integrated into a single unit. In a Centralized system, all the controllers installed with different doors are interconnected with a central computer or controlling station.

Locking Mechanism: Electromagnetic locks, electric strikes, or other electronic locks that control physical access to the door.

Power Supply: Powers the components of the system. This can be a battery backup system to ensure continued operation during power outages.

Exit Button/Sensor: Allows people to exit from inside, ensuring that people can leave the secured area easily.

Audible Alarm: It is used to alert in case of unauthorized access attempts.

Standalone Door Access Control System Wiring Diagram

Here, you can see the wiring diagram for Standalone Door Access Control System.

Connection Procedure

Power Connection: 

1. Connect the positive terminal (+) of the 12V DC power supply to the power input terminal (+) of the access controller.
2. Connect the negative terminal (-) of the 12V DC power supply to the ground terminal (GND) of the access controller.

Magnetic Lock Connection: 

1. Locate the lock control terminals on the access controller. These are often labeled as NO (Normally Open), NC (Normally Closed), and COM (Common).
2. Connect the COM terminal of the access controller to one terminal of the magnetic lock.
3. Connect the NC terminal of the access controller to the other terminal of the magnetic lock.
4. This setup ensures that the magnetic lock is powered and locked when the system is idle.
5. Also, ensure that the magnetic lock's power requirements match the power supply and controller specifications.

Exit Button Connection:

1. Connect one terminal of the exit button to the exit button input terminal(marked as 'Open') on the access controller.
2. Connect the other terminal of the exit button to the ground (GND) of the access controller.
3. This configuration allows the exit button to break the circuit and deactivate the magnetic lock when pressed.

Bell/Alarm Connection: 

1. Locate the bell/alarm output terminals on the access controller, often labeled as BELL1 and BELL2, or similar.
2. Connect the positive terminal of the bell/alarm to the positive output terminal(BELL1) of the access controller.
3. Connect the negative terminal of the bell/alarm to the negative (GND) output terminal(BELL1) of the access controller.
4. The bell/alarm will be triggered by the access controller based on its programming (e.g., unauthorized access attempts).

Centralized/Networked/Interconnected Door Access Control System Wiring Diagram

Here, you can see the wiring diagram for the Centralized Door Access Control System. 

Connection Procedure

As you can see the Centralized Door Access Control System is nothing but the interconnection of multiple Standalone Door Access Control Systems. So the connection between the power supply, magnetic lock, access controller, exit button, and bell for each standalone system are the same as described above. Here, the additional step is, that we need to connect all the standalone access controllers with an interconnected network.

For this, we can use an ethernet networking system. We can connect all the standalone access controllers with a common PoE switch using ethernet cables. And this PoE switch can be connected to a central computer to control and monitor all the doors from a central place. Even if we connect the PoE switch to a Wifie Router or Internet system then we can control the whole access control system from remote places also.

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