220V LED Bulb Internal Circuit Diagram and Components

In this article, we are going to see the internal circuit diagram of a 220V LED bulb. Also, we will see the internal components of that 220V LED bulb. In older days, filament bulbs, CFL Bulbs, Fluorescent tubes, etc are used. But nowadays LED bulbs are used more because of their very low power consumption. These bulbs are designed to operate with 220V or 230V. Even some bulbs operate from 110V to 240V. Basically, these bulbs are built with so many LEDs connected in series or parallel. 

These bulbs are basically designed with a transformerless capacitor dropped power supply system. Here, a series capacitor drops or lower the high voltage to low voltage. If it is designed with a transformer the weight of the bulb will be very high and the cost also be high. Also, remember that the transformerless capacitor dropped power supply is very dangerous and unsafe than other power supply systems.

220V LED Bulb Internal Circuit Diagram

Here, you can see the circuit diagram of a 220V LED Bulb.

Internal Components

Here is the list of internal components,

1. 400V, 0.22uF Polyester Capacitor
2. 1 Mega Ohm Resistor
3. 1 Watt, 560ohm Resistor
4. Full Wave Bridge Rectifier with four 1N4007 Diodes
5. 35V DC capacitor
6. 16 LEDs of 3V DC rated

Connection Description

1. The 400V, 0.22 uF Polyester capacitor is connected in series with the phase terminal of the input power supply.
2. A 1 Mega Ohm resistor is connected in parallel with the Polyester Capacitor.
3. A 1 Watt, 560 Ohm resistor is connected in series with the neutral terminal of the input power supply.
4. After the capacitors, a full wave bridge rectifier is connected.
5. A 35V DC capacitor is connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier.
6. The output of the rectifier is connected to the LEDs.
7. Here, LEDs are connected in a series-parallel combination. Eights LEDs are connected in series to make a LED set. And two sets of LEDs are connected in parallel.

Working Principle

The 220V or 230V AC supply is dropped into a 24V-27V AC supply by the polyester capacitor. The 1 mega ohm resistor connected in parallel with the capacitor is used to dissipate the energy when the capacitor discharges. It ensures electrical safety also. The 560-ohm series resistor is used as a fusing element or excess current blocking element if there is any short circuit fault in the circuit.

Now the 24V AC supply is converted into 24V DC by the full wave bridge rectifier circuit. The unfiltered DC supply is filtered by the 35V DC capacitor. And the pure 24V DC supply is applied to the LEDs.

As here we have a 24V DC supply so eight 3V LEDs are connected in series to match the 24V voltage. Connecting another set of eight LEDs in parallel does not affect the voltage it affects the current consumption.

Different manufacturers designed the circuit with different voltages, currents, and LED ratings. But the main concept of the working principle and internal circuit is the same for all 220V LED bulbs.

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