[Explained] Inverter Block Diagram and Working Principle

Hey, in this article we are going to see the Inverter Block diagram and will discuss the working principle of an inverter. Here you can see the simple block diagram of inverter with proper symbolization. In simple words, an electrical inverter is an electrical or power electronic circuit that converts DC power into AC power. There are different types of inverters available. According to the output waveform, there are three types of inverter, sine wave, modified sine wave, and square wave. According to the phase, there are also two types of inverter, single-phase and three-phase.

Inverter Block Diagram

Here you can see a simple block diagram of an inverter with a battery and battery charger included.

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Inverter Working Principle

According to the above diagram, there are two main sections in the circuit - 1. Battery Charger Section 2. Inverter Section. Additionally, it has a changeover switch also.

Battery Charger Section

You can see in the battery charger section there are three blocks -

Step Down Transformer

It steps down the main AC voltage(220V AC) to the appropriate voltage that is to be used for battery charging, it may be 12V or 24V. It depends upon the battery voltage.

Rectifier

It converts the stepped-down AC voltage into DC. It consists of PN junction diodes. The bridge rectifier circuit is mostly used for rectification purposes.

DC Filter

It generally uses an electrolytic polarised capacitor to filter the DC voltage. Actually, the output of the rectifier circuit is not purely DC, there is some AC ripple available. So to get the pure DC power to properly charge the battery we need to use the DC filter circuit.

Inverter Section

The inverter section contains a total of five blocks -

Oscillator

It provides the oscillating signal to the driver. This means it creates the pulse signals at 50Hz and fed to the driver circuit. The function of an oscillator in an inverter circuit is to generate a stable and controlled frequency signal, typically in the form of a square wave or a modified sine wave. The oscillator provides the timing and switching signal to the driver circuit that is necessary for the inverter circuit to convert the direct current (DC) input into alternating current (AC) output.

Driver Circuit

It operates the SCR or MOSFETs of the switching amplifier circuit to convert the DC power into a high-frequency AC signal. In an inverter circuit, the driver circuit plays a crucial role in controlling and driving the power semiconductor devices, such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), that are responsible for converting DC power into AC power.

Switching Amplifier Circuit

It converts the DC power into high-frequency AC power. It sends the DC power to the center-tapped transformer in such a way that it experiences AC power is applied.

Inverter Step Up Transformer

It steps up the AC voltage into the rated output voltage means 230V. Generally, a center-tapped step-up transformer is used for this.

AC Filter

It filters the output of the step-up transformer. The step-up AC voltage produced by the step-up transformer is not pure, so it cannot be used for the load as it can cause damage to the load. So we need to use an AC filter circuit to filter the AC voltage produced by the inverter.

Transfer or Changeover Switch

When the main power supply is available the changeover switch keeps connecting the load with the main power supply and at the same time battery also charging. When the main power supply falls the changeover switch disconnects the load from the main power supply and connects it to the inverter output.

A practical inverter circuit or device may contain more additional components depending upon its design, capacity, manufactures, etc. Above are the most important parts and components of an Inverter.

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