[Exact] Comparison between TN, VA, IPS Panel LCD Display

There are mainly three types of panels used in LCD displays. The three panels are TN(twisted nematic), VA(Vertical Alignment), and IPS(In-Plane Switching). Each type of panel has its own advantages, disadvantages, and features. They are used in LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) according to the quality of pictures, price, viewing angles, etc. In this article, we are going to know the exact comparison between TN, VA, and IPS Panel LCD displays.

TN Panel LCD Display

Under the application of the electrical field, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules changes which is known as the Twisted Nematic(TN) effect. When a video signal is applied to LCD, liquid crystal molecules change their alignments and produce images. Normally, the molecules are separated by several spacers and coated with electrodes. When the voltage is applied, they re-align and display the information.

In TN panel technology, transparent electrodes are used and they are placed with a matrix pattern. The amount of opacity of the image can be controlled by varying the applied voltage. Normally, 1V is enough to realign the crystal molecules. When the voltage is applied to the crystal molecules no current flows through the molecules. For this reason, TN panel technology requires very little electrical power. TN panel LCD display provides a 160-degree viewable angle.

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Advantages of TN Panel LCD Display

1. The main advantage of the TN panel LCD display is it takes very little electrical power.

2. TN panel LCD displays provide good color combinations but reflect in the display properly.

3. The calibration of the TN panel is easier than other LCD panels that's why it provides a very good word consistency.

4. TN Panel LCD displays have very good response times that's why they are the most suitable for gaming graphics.

5. TN panels have simple circuits and it is also a low-cost device.

Disadvantages of TN Panel LCD Display

1. TN panel LCD displays have the worst viewing angle.

2. It provides low colorful pictures.

3. It provides low contrast and low brightness picture quality.

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VA Panel LCD Display

VA stands for Vertical alignment. In VA displays, liquid crystals are normally vertically alignment, and light is placed on its backside. When a voltage is applied across them they get tilt and light passes through it and produces images. In VA panels, liquid crystals are placed with the perpendicular to the substrates.

VA panels are manufactured nearly similar to TN panels with some extra features and improvements. VA panels have a great ability to block the light coming from the backlight when it is not wanted. For this reason, it provides good contrast ratios, and good word considerations.

Compared to TN panels, VA panels provide more viewing angles, very good color reproduction, higher refresh rates, more brightness, etc.

Advantages of VA Panel LCD Display

1. It provides a very good refresh rate (above 60HZ).

2. It has a great ability to block backlight so it provides a high contrast ratio, and good word considerations.

3. It has a very good color reproduction feature.

4. It provides more brightness than TN panel displays.

5. It provides more viewing angles than TN displays.

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Disadvantages of VA Panel LCD Display

1. The main disadvantage of this type of display is, it has a low level of responsiveness, for this reason, it creates blurring in fast-moving pictures such as gaming.

2. It takes more electrical power than TN Panel displays.

3. It provides higher viewing angles than TN panel displays but lower than IPS panel displays.

IPS Panel LCD Display

IPS stands for In-Plane Switching. In IPS panels, the liquid crystals are placed in parallel with the glass substrate. When the voltage is applied across the crystal its orientation gets changes and produces images. The molecular structure of the IPS panel is nearly the same as the TN panel. Only the arrangement of electrodes is different. Electrodes in the IPS panel are placed in the same plane as the glass substrate.

IPS panel takes much more electrical power than other panels. The IPS panel has very little color shift when changing the viewing angles. As the liquid crystals are placed in the same plane or parallel with the glass substrate that's why it is called In-Plane Switching.

Advantages of IPS Panel LCD Display

1. This type of display provides very good word consistency and wider viewing angles.

2. They provide wider viewing angles than other display panels.

3. They provide much more brightness, contrast ratios, color combinations, etc.

4. They offer stable response times and high refresh rates.

5. IPS panel LCD displays are perfect for touchscreen devices.

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Disadvantages of IPS Panel LCD Display

1. IPS panel displays take much more electrical power almost 15 times more than a TN panel display.

2. IPS panel displays have worse response rates.

3. IPS panel display has a higher production cost that's why they are costlier than other panels.

Comparison between TN, VA, IPS Panel LCD Display

Comparison Elements	TN Panel LCD Display	VA Panel LCD Display	IPS Panel LCD Display
Power Consume	Very Less	More than TN but less than IPS	Much More
Response Time	Low Response times	Longest response times	Slower response times
Viewing angles	Worst Viewing angle	Better than a TN panel	Very good viewing angle
Color	Worst Color	Better than TN Panel	Very good Color
Refresh Rates	Very high	Low	Low
Brightness	Worst	Good	Very Good
Calibration	Very Easy	Complex	More Complex
Word Consistency	Not Good	Very Good	Good
Price	Cheapest	Costlier than TN Panels	Very much costly
Best Use	Gaming, Animation	Documentation	Professional, multimedia

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