Transistor applications explained with examples

Transistor Application

The main applications of Transistors are the amplification of Electrical or electronic signals and Switching.

The transistor is so simple, but it is the foundation of all our modern computers, Smartphones, and Tablets. Digital circuits cannot be made without transistors.

We can say "Transistor behind the progress of the Whole World"

The most interesting thing is that the binary concept or '0' and '1' Logic using Transistors makes a remarkable change in Electronics engineering.

Transistor Logic Creates a Lots of Magic.

Transistors is a very useful and widely usable electronic component. In modern days, most of the electronic devices and also some electrical devices are made by transistors. So let's discuss the applications of transistors.

The application of transistors as Amplifier:

We know that the transistor can amplify the electronic signal. For amplification purposes, the role of the transistor is very important.

How Transistor is used for amplifying? 

If there is a small change in the input of the transistor then the transistor makes a large change in the output according to the input. Like if we consider BJT(Bipolar Junction transistor), we know that if there is a small change in base current then there will be a large change in collector current. This property of the transistor uses an amplifying electronic signal. 


Explained with an example: 

In the sound system, there is a huge application of transistor. The microphone is a transducer that converts our voice or sound wave to an electronic signal. As the sound wave does not have a constant value, the magnitude of the sound wave changes with time according to our voice. As a result, the output of the microphone also changes with time, or the magnitude of producing an electronic signal from the microphone changes with time. 

Now the output of the microphone is given to the transistor as an input. The changing of the magnitude of the electronic signal creates changes in the input of the transistor and we know that if there are changes in the input of the transistor there will be a large change in the output of the transistor. Thus the transistor amplifies the electronic signal(low magnitude) of the microphone into a high-magnitude electronic signal.

The other applications of the transistor as an amplifier are,

1. In Operational Amplifier(Op-Amp) Transistors are used.
2. In analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters ICs and circuits Transistors are used for amplifying.
3. In temperature measurement circuits (like temperature measurement by Thermocouple) Transistors are used for signal amplifying.
4. In the sensor circuit transistor is also used for amplifying.
5. In a pressure measurement circuit (like pressure measurement by a pressure transducer) transistors are used for amplifying.

The application of transistors as switching:

The Transistor is also used as a switch in the electronic circuit. But remember that this switch cannot be manually operated. We can say the transistor is used as an automatic switch in the electronic switch.

How Transistor is used for switching purpose?

If we consider BJT, there will be no current flow in the collector circuit until a current flows in the base circuit. This property of the transistor is used for switching purposes.

Let's understand with examples:

We can use a transistor as a light-operated switch. As you see in the below figure the base circuit of the transistor is connected to the battery through a Light Depended Resistor. So when the LDR is placed at darkness the resistance of the LDR will be high therefore there will be no current flow through the base of the transistor but when the LDR is placed at a lighted area the resistance of the LDR will be low and there will be a flow of current in the base of the transistor the transistor gets on or it will act as ON switch.

The other applications of the transistor as a switch are,

1. The transistors are used to make logic gates.
2. The transistors are used to make Flip-Flop circuits and Register Circuits.
3. The Microprocessor and Microcontroller are made of Transistors.
4. The Semiconductor memories are also made up of transistors. 
5. Most of the parts of modern electronic devices like smartphones, smart watches, etc are made up of transistors where they are acting as switches.

Conclusion:

So in most of the  Analog circuits, the transistors are used for amplifying, and in most of the digital circuits, the transistors are used for switching.

Read Also: 

• Electronics Engineering Basic Knowledge for All
• Meaning of Capacitor Voltage Rating and Value in Specification
• [Exact] Function of Transistor explained with examples
• Main Difference Between PN Junction Diode and Zener Diode
• Difference between Analogue, Digital, and Power Electronics

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