Shaded Pole Induction Motor Working and Application Explained

There are different types of Induction Motors are available in three phases as well as in single phase. Single Phase Induction Motors are widely used in modern days. Shaded Pole Induction Motor is a single-phase induction motor that can run without the capacitor that is why it is called Capacitor Less Single-phase Induction Motor.

In this post, we are going to learn about the Construction, Working, and Application of a Shaded Pole Induction Motor. The construction and working of the Shaded Pole Induction Motor are very simple. A shaded pole induction motor is a type of single-phase AC motor that is widely used in various applications, such as fans, blowers, and small appliances. It is named after the shading coils or poles that are added to the motor's stator to provide a rotating magnetic field.

Construction of Shaded Pole Induction Motor

The Shaded Pole Induction Motor whose picture is shown in this article is collected from an old Refrigerator. We will discuss the applications of the Shaded Pole Induction Motor.

      As you see in the above picture The Shaded Pole Induction Motor has a Main stator winding which is to be connected to the power supply during operation and Two Shaded winding or Shaded poles, a core, and a squirrel cage rotor.

The stator of the Shaded Pole Induction Motor has the salient poles. Each pole has its own exciting coil which are works by induction effect.

Stator: The stator of a shaded pole motor consists of a laminated core with a main winding and auxiliary winding. The main winding is responsible for producing a rotating magnetic field, while the auxiliary winding (shading coil) creates the phase shift necessary for starting the motor.

Rotor: The rotor typically consists of a squirrel cage structure made of laminated iron or aluminum.

STATOR of Shaded Pole Induction Motor

You can see in the stator section it has a main winding and shaded windings. The main winding is to be connected to the main power supply but the shaded windings are not connected to any power supply. Shaded windings are basically copper shedding rings also called shaded rings. They are placed at a distance from each other.

ROTOR of Shaded Pole Induction Motor

Rotor has a squirrel cage-type structure like conventional single-phase induction motors. Here, you can see bars on the rotor are skewed at an angle of 60 degrees. This helps a lot to get the motor a better starting torque. 

Working Principle of Shaded Pole Induction Motor

                         Let's know how a Shaded Pole Induction Motor works. A rotating magnetic field is produced in the stator which causes the rotor to rotate. You may have a question about how a rotating magnetic field is produced. Actually, the shaded coils or shaded poles create a rotating magnetic field. The effect of shading coils causes the main field flux to shift across the pole face from the unshaded portion to the shaded portion. 

                        The nature of these shifting flux lines is like a rotating field moving in the direction from the unshaded portion to the shaded portion. But one thing remembers is that this rotating magnetic field is not very strong like a three-phase induction motor. In the Shaded Pole Induction Motor, the working of a rotating magnetic field only starts the rotor to rotate. 

                            When the rotor starts rotating an additional torque is developed by single-phase induction motor action. The motor ultimately attains a speed slightly less than synchronous speed and runs as a single-phase induction motor.

Application of Shaded Pole Induction Motor

As this type of motor is very simple in construction, it can be used in many places like small fans, Air conditioners, hair dryers, projectors, etc. Shaded pole induction motor is used in various types of applications due to their several advantages such as Simple and robust construction with fewer parts, Cost-effective and widely available, Self-starting without the need for external starting devices, low cost, small in size, etc. You may notice the shaded pole motors are always designed for low-power applications. This is because the efficiency is very poor due to high power loss, low torque, etc.  

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